About Referencing@Portsmouth
The Referencing@Portsmouth website went live in September 2006 to meet the referencing needs of students and staff at the University of Portsmouth, UK. Initially the site provided advice solely on using the American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style as this is the main referencing format used at the University of Portsmouth. However, help with OSCOLA legal referencing and Vancouver biomedical referencing is also available.
Professionally qualified librarians employed by the University Library provide all the examples used within the site, basing the examples on official referencing manuals where possible.
Because members of the University need to reference some types of material not covered in the APA manual or website, we have developed additional guidance and examples (e.g. Hansard, musical scores) which stick as closely as possible to the spirit of APA.
Where examples are not covered in the official APA material, this is clearly indicated.
Sources used in the production of this website include:
APA
- American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
- American Psychological Association. (2005). Concise rules of APA style. Washington: Author.
- American Psychological Association. (2010). Concise rules of APA style (6th ed.). Washington: Author.
- American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
- American Psychological Association. (n.d.). APA style. Retrieved from http://www.apastyle.org
OSCOLA
UK, England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and EU law:
- Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, OSCOLA: Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (4th edn Oxford University 2010).
International law::
- Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, OSCOLA: Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (3rd edn Oxford University 2006).
Vancouver
- Patrias J, Wendling, D, editors. Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors and publishers 2nd ed. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine; 2007. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256
This guide aims to help you reference sources according to specific styles. Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently.
Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.